The China–Egypt archaeological team recently discovered a new architectural ruin, which is believed to be part of the Ancient Egypt 26th Dynasty Pharaoh Apries' (BC 664–BC 525) temple complex, in the northern area of the Memphis ruin site, according to Egypt's Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities.

The discovery not only unlocked a key piece of Memphis' history but also marked a milestone for Chinese archaeology in international collaborative fieldwork.

From last October to December, a team consisting of the Shandong Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, the School of Archaeology and Museology of Peking University, and the Supreme Council of Antiquities of Egypt identified the long-sought clue to Apries' temple complex for the first time. This breakthrough filled a century-long gap in archaeological research in the region.

This time, led by the Shandong Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Peking University, the Chinese–Egyptian joint team excavated a limestone structure on a lower terrace, revealing five sphinx statues and a key stone block inscribed with the name of the Memphite god Ptah alongside Roman numerals. Additional carvings bearing the cartouche of Pharaoh Apries were also found.

The evidence suggests a temple site built and renovated over two phases: a Roman-era foundation reused elements from an earlier Ptah temple dating to Apries' reign, while a more intact structure beneath is believed to be the original Apries-era temple, pending further excavation. The site is likely part of a larger temple complex.

The excavation showcases mature Chinese archaeological practices, combining surveying, excavation, and recording techniques with domestic digital tools. Egyptian conservators joined the team on-site to preserve the sphinxes and inscriptions.

This collaboration marks a significant contribution to Egyptology while extending Shandong's archaeological reach globally. As China and Egypt mark 70 years of diplomatic ties this year, the project embodies the spirit of mutual learning and cultural exchange between two ancient civilizations.

A team member uses a China-made 3D scanning device to create a 3D model of the ruin site in Egypt. [Photo by Zhang Hai/China Culture Daily]

Chinese and Egyptian project leaders discuss the cultural relic protection plan on site. [Photo by Xu Shen/China Culture Daily]