The buoys and subsurface moorings, collectively named "Langya", will provide real-time data to the AI-powered Ocean Large Model. [Photo provided to chinadaily.com.cn]

According to Wang Fan, the institute's director, an integrated observation system combining fixed buoys and subsurface moorings, underwater gliders, and vessel-based transect surveys has been deployed to address these major scientific questions.

Real-time data collected by the buoys and subsurface moorings, collectively named "Langya", will be integrated into the artificial intelligence-powered Ocean Large Model, enabling observations and model corrections to proceed simultaneously and improving the accuracy and reliability of intelligent deep-sea monitoring and forecasting, Wang added.

The latest expedition, the 15th in the series since its launch in 2010, builds on more than a decade of sustained scientific exploration. Long-term observations have enabled researchers to develop a theoretical framework for understanding the coupled processes in the Western Pacific, providing insights into global climate change and the deep ocean's resources and environment.